Initial Flight Testing

Image credit: USAF
Image source: AFMC 

“Commuter” Passenger Module

19960002346

Image credit: NASA
Image source: NASA NTRS

LUNOX Lander

S93-45589 (1993) — (Artist’s concept of possible exploration programs.) A crew of four descends to the lunar surface in a spacecraft designed to utilize oxygen produced on the Moon for propellant. Because of the high performance advantages of in situ propellants, the spacecraft does not need to rendezvous with a second spacecraft in lunar orbit. This image was produced for NASA by John Frassanito and Associates. Technical concepts from NASA’s Planetary Projects Office (PPO), Johnson Space Center (JSC).

S93-45592 (1993) — (Artist’s concept of possible exploration programs.) The lunar crew refills the propellant tanks on their spacecraft with oxygen produced on the Moon. This allows them to return directly to Earth, reentering the atmosphere in the conical crew module, and touching down at a prepared landing site. This image was produced for NASA by John Frassanito and Associates. Technical concepts from NASA’s Planetary Projects Office (PPO), Johnson Space Center (JSC).

Image credit: John Frassanito and Associates
Image source: NASA Johnson

S93-45583

S93-45583 (1993) — (Artist’s concept of possible exploration programs.) Pressurized surface rovers allow lunar explorers to extend their travel capabilities far beyond the limitations imposed by their space suits. The crew can service remote facilities, such as lunar telescopes, and conduct long-range geological traverses. This image was produced for NASA by John Frassanito and Associates. Technical concepts from NASA’s Planetary Projects Office (PPO), Johnson Space Center (JSC).

Image credit: John Frassanito and Associates
Image source: NASA Johnson

90-Day Study

Selected plates from:

(NASA-TM-102999)

Report of the 90-day study on human exploration of the Moon and Mars

Robotic Missions

Lunar Outpost

Mars Outpost

Planetary Surface Systems

19910017741

Image credit: NASA
File source: NASA NTRS

FSTSA

Selected Plates From:

(NASA-CR-141856)

FUTURE SPACE TRANSPORTATION STUDIES ANALYSIS STUDY, PHASE 1 TECHNICAL REPORT

PROGRAM OPTIONS

  1. Low Earth Orbit Space Stations
    • 12-man modular or unitary station
    • 60-man space base
  2. Geosynchronous Operations
    • 12-man modular or unitary station
    • Satellite maintenance sortie
  3. Independent Lunar Surface Sorties
    • 4-man self supporting landing
  4. Orbiting Lunar Station
    • 8-man modular or unitary station with surface sortie
  5. Lunar Surface Base
    • 6-man, 6 month
    • 12 man, semi-permanent
  6. Manned Planetary
    • Manned Mars landing
      • Opposition
      • Conjunction
      • Venus swing-by
  7. Automated Lunar
    • Orbital observatory
    • Backside lander
    • Relay satellitr
  8. Automated Planetary
    • Mars lander
    • Jupiter atm probe
    • Ganymede lander
  9. Nuclear Waste Disposal
    • Refined waste
    • Total waster
  10. Satellite Energy Systems
    • One-orbit power generation
    • On-orbit power reflectors

Lunar Transport Vehicles

SHUTTLE COMPATIBLE

LARGE DIAMETER OTV

Earth Orbit Space Stations

Independent Lunar Surface Space Sortie

Transportation System

Orbiting Lunar Station

Lunar Surface Base

Manned Planetary Exploration Program

Automated Planetary Program

Satellite Energy Systems

19750016730

Image credit: Boeing
File source: NASA NTRS