Grumman

Image credit: Grumman
Image source: Cradle of Aviation Museum

Modular Propellant Tankage Concept

Shown on this chart is an artist’s rendition of a tug configuration which is made up of individual propellant modules and thus provides extreme operational flexibility. The stage is designed to be compatible with a variable number of propellant modules which contain oxidizer, fuel and pressurants. The basic propulsion platform includes engines, control, avionics and primary structure. In concept, the configuration has the option of staging tanks for extremely high performance.

Although this modular concept is extremely versatile, it has a lower mass fraction than one which is designed for a single performance capability.

Image credit: NASA
File source: NASA NTRS

National Archives Collection

Image credit: General Dynamics / Convair
Images: National Archives